What is the disease of high protein in urine?
High urinary protein (albuminuria) is a common clinical indicator of abnormal urine, which usually indicates kidney or other systemic diseases. This article combines the hot medical topics on the Internet in the past 10 days to sort out the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment points of proteinuria to help readers understand this problem scientifically.
1. Common causes of proteinuria
| Classification | specific disease | Proportion (clinical statistics) |
|---|---|---|
| kidney disease | Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy | about 65% |
| systemic disease | Hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus, pregnancy toxemia | about 25% |
| physiological factors | Vigorous exercise, high-protein diet, fever | about 10% |
2. Typical symptoms
Proteinuria itself is usually asymptomatic, but accompanying illnesses may include:
| Symptom type | Specific performance | Related disease tips |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney related | Foamy urine, lower limb edema, decreased urine output | Nephrotic syndrome/renal insufficiency |
| systemic symptoms | Fatigue, loss of appetite, elevated blood pressure | Chronic kidney disease/hypertensive kidney disease |
| acute symptoms | Lumbar and abdominal pain, hematuria, fever | acute nephritis/urinary tract infection |
3. Diagnostic standards and examination items
According to the latest nephrology guidelines in 2023, the diagnosis of proteinuria requires a combination of the following tests:
| Check items | normal value range | Abnormality Determination Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Urine routine | Protein: Negative (-) | +～++++ (positively related to severity) |
| 24-hour urine protein quantification | <150mg/24h | >3.5g/24h indicates nephrotic syndrome |
| Urine protein/creatinine ratio | <30mg/g | >300mg/g requires further inspection |
4. Latest Treatment Progress
Recently, there have been significant updates in the treatment options for proteinuria in the medical community:
| treatment type | Specific measures | Effectiveness (clinical data) |
|---|---|---|
| basic treatment | Limit salt (<5g/day), control blood pressure (<130/80mmHg) | About 60-70% |
| drug treatment | ACEI/ARB drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors (newly recommended in 2023) | About 75-85% |
| Intensive care | Immunosuppressants (such as rituximab), plasma exchange | About 50-60% |
5. Hot questions and answers
Comprehensive high-frequency consultation questions on the medical platform in the past 10 days:
1.Does physiological proteinuria need treatment?
It can be observed if it is short-term (<3 days) and has no other abnormalities. If it persists, pathological factors need to be investigated.
2.Common causes of proteinuria in children?
Most cases are acute nephritis or orthostatic proteinuria, and urine red blood cell morphological examination needs to be completed.
3.Does proteinuria worsen after recovering from COVID-19?
The latest research shows that the virus may attack the glomerulus, and it is recommended to review the urine routine one month after recovery.
Summary:Proteinuria is an important signal reflecting kidney health, but there is no need to panic. When abnormalities are found, seek medical treatment promptly and make comprehensive judgments based on laboratory tests and clinical manifestations. In 2023, the medical community will make breakthroughs in the treatment of proteinuria related to diabetic nephropathy, and early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis.
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